- Too much activity too soon
- Improper footwear for the activity or for your foot type
- Poor foot mechanics(usually over- pronation or “rolling in”)
- Not resting for sufficient periods between activities
- Poor training surface
- Doing a lot of uphill running
- Congenital tightness of the calf muscles
- Shortening of the calf muscles due to prolonged wearing of high heel shoes
- Uneven leg lengths (can lead to over-pronation of the long leg)
- Trauma